Acknowledgements;
Introduction;
0.1 Going global;
0.2 The long transition and the making of transitional elites in global perspective;
0.3 A global history of the other '1989s';
0.4 The end of the '1989' era?;
1. Globalisation;
1.1 From socialist internationalism to capitalist globalisation;
1.2 Debt and ideological re-orientation;
1.3 The choice of 'neoliberal' globalisation;
1.4 Authoritarian transformations?;
1.5 Transformation from within;
1.6 Conclusion;
2. Democratisation;
2.1 Reforming elites;
2.2 Opposition from the local to the global and back;
2.3 Alternatives to '1989': authoritarianism and violence;
2.4 Disciplining transition and democratic peace;
3. Europeanisation;
3.1 The early Cold War: a divided Europe;
3.2 Helsinki - re-bordering Europe?;
3.3 An anti-colonial Europe: critiquing Helsinki;
3.4 A prehistory of Fortress Europe: civilisational bordering in late socialism;
3.5 Eastern Europe, a buffer against Islam?;
3.6 After 1989: 'Fortress Europe'?;
3.7 Conclusion;
4. Self-determination;
4.1 The rise of anti-colonial self-determination;
4.2 The Soviet withdrawal;
4.3 Peace or violence;
4.4 Reverberations of Eastern European self-determination;
4.5 Conclusion;
5. Reverberations;
5.1 1989 as a new global script;
5.2 Instrumentalising 1989: the West and new forms of political conditionality;
5.3 'Taming' the left;
5.4 Interventionism and the '1989' myth;
5.5 Eastern Europeans and the export of the revolutionary idea;
5.6 From Cuba to China: rejecting '1989';
5.7 Conclusion;
6. A world without '1989';
6.1 Towards the West? Ambiguous convergence;
6.2 Who is the true Europe? The turn to divergence;
6.3 Beyond the EU: post-socialist global trajectories;
6.4 Conclusion.